Development of powerful fluorescence imaging probes and techniques sets the basis for the spatiotemporal tracking of cells at different physiological. A comparative study on design and operation of fluorescent ijera. Lighting lighting controls lighting controls are devices. Fluorescence microscopy even allows users to determine the distribution of a single molecule species, its amount and its localization. This ionised vapour radiates light in the ultra violet part of the spectrum, which is converted to visible light by a fluorescent coating on the inside of the tube. Integrated lamps combine the tube and ballast in a single unit. They contain a small amount of mercury and are filled with a small quantity of argon, a combination of argon and neon, or krypton gases. Lifetime of fluorescent lamps operating with electronic. Fluorescence microscopy solutions leica microsystems. More efficient fluorescent lamps are now available in smaller diameters, including the 1. An electric current in the gas excites mercury vapor, which produces shortwave ultraviolet light that then causes a phosphor coating on the inside of the lamp to glow. The body of the lamp is made from a high quality transparent vitreous quartz tube. Pdf energy efficiency comparison between compact fluorescent.
Notice of proposed rulemaking for fluorescent lamp. A fluorescence microscope is an optical microscope that uses fluorescence instead of, or in addition to, scattering, reflection, and attenuation or absorption, to study the properties of organic or inorganic substances. Lamp cp22 compact, high efficiency enclosure lamp features unit lampcp22 lampsp22 power supply vhz 23050 23050 schuko socket yes 6a no luminosity lm 900 lamp type high efficiency fluorescent lamp power. At that full voltage first the glow discharge is established in the starter. The primary function is to provide the lamp with high voltage andor cathode. The uv light is converted into standard visible light using a phosphor coating on the inside o. This electrical current is something like the current in an ordinary wire, but it passes through gas instead of through a solid. In most vacuum lamps, an active material known as a getter is applied to the filament or leads during manufacture to reduce residual gas pressure and to clear up the atmosphere when the. The linear fluorescent light bulb or lamp is a type of gasdischarge lamp. A noble gas neon argon together with some mercury vapour.
This guidance is intended to help businesses understand their options for managing spent lamps under ohio. If that powder were not there, would the lamp appear brighter, dimmer, or about the same overall brightness, but with an unpleasantly bright white line near its center. Make sure all employees know your fluorescent lamp management policy. The arc is sustained between two filaments by regulating the current through the lamp, using a ballast. Compact fluorescent lights cfls and light emitting diodes leds have risen to a great popularity in. Fluorescent lamps are cylindrical glass tubes that are coated on the inside with phosphors. Fluorescent lighting has a great advantage over other light sources in any application. Luminescence colour dimensions mm cap lamp wattage w lamp current a luminous flux rm life h applicable tube lamp dia. In the fluorescent lamp the luminous section of the gas column is artificially very much extended.
Fluorescent lamps are made of a glass tube filled with a low pressure mixture of gases, specifically mercury and noble gases like argon, neon, xenon and krypton. Very few reports have been published on the subject because experiments of this type are timeconsuming, expensive and require a lot of attention and work 1. Linear fluorescent bulbs come in a wide variety of lengths, diameters, wattages, and color temperatures. Rc phase shift circuit a assemble two parallel incandescent bulbs 220v, 15w and 4. Gas conductors differ from solid conductors in a number of ways in a solid conductor, electrical charge is carried by free. They are known for high energy efficiency, long life, and relatively low cost. Division of environmental response and revitalization july 2019.
Compact fluorescent lamps cfl a compact fluorescent lamp cfl, also known as a compact fluorescent light or energy saving light, is a type of fluorescent lamp. How gas discharging lamps work cold cathode ccfl and hot. Characteristics of fluorescent lamps building research. Some basic facts and some advanced information on ballasts. A ballast is a device that is used with fluorescent and other discharge lamps to provide the required current and voltage. Only a tiny proportion of visible light is radiated by the low pressure mercury discharge, this being predominately at the wavelengths of 405nm violet, 436nm blue, 546nm. Cooking with gas how fluorescent lamps work howstuffworks. Fluorescent lamp and working principle of fluorescent lamp. Predictions for the lamp system operation generally agree very well with measurements obtained from a 33 khz electronic ballastfluorescent lamp system.
Compact lamps frosted, thick glass, single unit base plug or screw that have a porcelain or plastic end. This policy does not have the force of law hazardous waste program. It created the first hot cathode tubes employing a positive column discharge in a low pressure mercury atmosphere, to generate shortwavelength uvc radiation which. When the current is switched on, the starting mechanisms at each end of the lamp produce electrons that excite the gases inside. Anderson developed many improvements in the fluorescent lamp. An electric current in the gas energizes mercury vapor which delivers ultraviolet radiation through discharge process and the ultraviolet radiation causes the phosphor coating of the lamp inner wall to radiate visible light. The tube contains a small bit of mercury and a gas usually argon kept under very low pressure.
Combining good lamp, ballast and luminaire in a wrong installation may not meet the user needs or. How to check, tube light, choke, starter, capacitor, cfl, bulb, soldering iron, by using series test duration. The fluorescent lamp is based on the principle of a lowpressure gas discharge lamp. A compact fluorescent lamp cfl, also called compact fluorescent light, energy saving light. Before going through the working principle of a fluorescent lamp, we will first show the circuit of a fluorescent lamp in other words circuit of tube light. Remote lightcontrolled intracellular target recognition. A mercury vapor lamp consists of six major components. Snap switches, located in many convenient areas, make it easier for people in large, shared spaces to turn off lights in unused areas. Some lamp recyclers offer transportation services, check with your local lamp recycler. Remove the lamp bulb and place it in a cardboard waste bulb collection box or fiber drum and return to your shop or the local accumulation area. Because many northeast states have aggressive energy savings goals in the near future, strong federal minimum standards on fluorescent lamp ballasts can provide a smart, zerocost minimalcost to federal government strategy to help them achieve those goals. The lamp filaments need to be kept warm during operation so that they can reliably maintain the arc and produce light. Lighting controls lighting controls are devices that turn lights on and off or dim them. In this article, well find out how fluorescent lamps emit such a bright glow without getting scalding hot like an ordinary light bulb.
The tubes are coated on the inside with a fluorescent material, usually a compound containing phosphorous. As a ships ballast stabilises the vessel, so does a lights ballast stabilise its operation. Energy conservation standards for fluorescent lamp ballasts pdf. Screwin compact fluorescents are available in two types. Fluorescent lamps are also commonly referred to as neon light or fluorescent light. A fluorescent lamp converts electrical energy into useful light much more efficiently. Although the physics of light production of such lamps is somewhat complicated, necessitating extreme care in the design and manufacture, fluorescent lamps. Fluorescence is one of the most commonly used physical phenomena in biological and analytical microscopy, mainly because of its high sensitivity and high specificity. The light itself is ultraviolet and therefore invisible but causes the fluorescent layer inside the tube to shine. The product must be used with suitable operating equipment and in accordance with the specified data. General design the general design of a simple fluorescent lamp consists of a sealed glass tube. In fact, a cfl is just a compact version of a fluorescent lamp that is smaller and easier to install.
When the switch is on, full voltage will come across the tube light through ballast and fluorescent lamp starter. Linear lamps tube, frosted glass includes the alto greentipped lamps. Fluorescent lamps are electric discharge light sources where an arc is struck in a lowpressure, gasfilled tube. Working principle of fluorescence microscope with figure. Fluorescent ballast start type and lamp life each time a linear fluorescent lamp is powered on, a very small amount of emission coating from the lamps two cathodes electrodes is lost. The fluorescent lighting systems are working in various operating cycles. A fluorescent tube is filled with a gas containing low pressure mercury vapors and any other noble gas. One teaspoon of mercury can contaminate a 20 acre lake educate your employees about the dangers of mercury in fluorescent lamps and of your decision to recycle all. In the end, are underlined the for general lighting, fluorescent lamps are known. Well also find out why fluorescent lamps are more efficient than incandescent lighting, and see how this technology is used in other sorts of lamps.
This extension of fluorescent lighting is a consequence of high luminous efficacy of the fluorescent sources compared to the incandescent ones. Ballast must comply to en 60 921 for ac mains frequency or en 60 609 for high. The longterm purpose is to find a correlation between lamp life and the duration of the corresponding cycle. However some of them, after absorbing light of a particular wavelength and energy, emit light of a longer wavelength and lesser energy. What makes the fluorescent tube fundamentally so efficient is the extremely high efficiency with which it is able to convert electrical energy into this uv radiation. Starting characteristics of fluorescent tubes and compact. The fluorescent lamp is a new type of light source which produces white or colored light at high efficiencies. Rk primer of school lighting lamps and maintenance.
Therefore, there is no major difference between the working principle of a fluorescent lamp and a cfl. The principle of operation remains the same as in other fluorescent lighting. Unlike normal glass which blocks ultraviolet radiation, pure quartz has a high. During operation, an electrical current passes through the lamp and the mercury is vaporized, producing ultraviolet light. The ultraviolet light makes particles that coat the inside of the tube, and these particles glow or fluoresce. Other controls include photocells, timers, occupancy sensors, and dimmers. A fluorescent lamp tube is coated with a white powder on its inside surface. The glass tube is bent and both its ends are fixed onto a base that holds the ballast and can fit into standard incandescent bulb sockets. Some integral units also include a reflector andor glass enclosure. Here we connect one ballast, and one switch and the supply is series as shown. A fluorescent lamp, or fluorescent tube, is a lowpressure mercuryvapor gasdischarge lamp that uses fluorescence to produce visible light.
When a suitable voltage is applied to the leads, electrons are able to recombine with electron holes within the device, releasing energy in the form of photons. The emission coating on the cathodes is needed to pass the. It is a pn junction diode that emits light when activated. Originally published by secda fluorescent lamp ballasts. Pdf on jan 10, 2016, atanas tanusevski and others published energy efficiency comparison between. A fluorescent lamp, or fluorescent tube, is a lowpressure mercuryvapor gas discharge lamp. Whether you need a 120 volt ballast or a 277 volt ballast, has you covered. A lightemitting diode is a twolead semiconductor light source. The operating principle of the fluorescent lamp has very early origins, however its first practical form emerged in 1934 at the general electric company of england osramgec.
Characteristics of fluorescent lamps hf fluorescent lamp three band radiation type type cat. Fluorescent lamps or tubelight work by ionizing mercury vapor in a glass tube. Fluorescent ballasts regulate the current flowing into the lamp while providing the lamp with sufficient voltage to start. The compact fluorescent lamp with an edison screwbase offers an easy means to upgrade an incandescent luminaire. This product is in accordance with relevant iec standards. The thus created uv radiation is then converted into visible light by uv excitation of a fluorescent coating on the glass envelope of the lamp. These consist of a compact fluorescent lamp and ballast in selfcontained units. Standard operating procedure for service and maintenance. Anderson was a professor at rensselaer polytechnic institute and employee of general electric with 27 patents 1970 1992 related to lamp technology. The basic principles of the most commonly used lamp types and the circuitry. In the last section, we saw that mercury atoms in a fluorescent lamps glass tube are excited by electrons flowing in an electrical current. Fluorescent lamp handling procedures examples of mercurycontaining lamps. Then we connect the fluorescent tube and a starter across it.
A fluorescent lamp is a low weight mercury vapour lamp that uses fluorescence to deliver visible light. The working principle is the same in both types of luminaires. Working principle of fluorescent lamp polytechnic hub. Fluorescence microscope refers to any microscope that uses fluorescence to generate an image, whether it is a more simple set up like an epifluorescence microscope or a more. Electronic fluorescent lamp ballast stmicroelectronics. Most cfls are designed to replace incandescent lamps and fit into most existing light fixtures. The lamp operates as a cold cathode and the above phenomenon is utilized to heat up the filament. The tube also contains a phosphor powder, coated along the inside of the glass.
1215 1342 338 26 102 1027 546 449 1646 1318 1111 78 595 152 189 1500 131 876 1608 1347 1013 1665 911 1094 786 655 1633 505 1535 170 1489 690 902 1417 230 1352 1422 1312